Basic Biographical Details

Name:	Basil Spence & Partners
Designation:	Architectural practice
Started:	November 1946
Ended:	1964
Bio Notes:	Basil Spence & Partners was the name adopted by Spence’s practice (both his Edinburgh and London offices) between November 1946 and the end of 1963. It was established in the wake of his separation from William Kininmonth, with whom he had worked since 1932, and it numbered among its staff several members of their former practice, as well as students they had taught at Edinburgh College of Art. Basil Urwin Spence was born in Bombay on 13 August 1907, the son of Urwin Spence, an analytical chemist employed by the Indian civil service, and his wife Daisy Crisp. He was initially educated at the John Connon School in Bombay, but in 1919 at the age of twelve was sent to Scotland to attend George Watson’s College as a day pupil. After leaving, he enrolled at Edinburgh College of Art in September 1925, initially to study painting and sculpture. He soon transferred to the School of Architecture, studying design practice and town planning under Frank Charles Mears and Harry Hubbard, and architectural history and theory under John Summerson who was only three years his senior. His other tutors at the college were Sydney J Miller, Leslie Grahame Thomson and George Washington Browne. Bursaries, prize money and income as a freelance perspectivist allowed him to travel extensively in England in 1927, France in 1928 and also in Germany. In 1929 he gained the College’s certificate and exemption from the RIBA’s intermediate examination. His brilliant draughtsmanship secured him a place in the office of Sir Edwin Lutyens, whom he assisted with the designs for the Viceroy’s house, New Delhi, and while in London he took the opportunity to study at the Bartlett School of Architecture under Professor Albert Richardson. On his return to Edinburgh Spence won the RIAS Rowand Anderson Medal during session 1930-31. In the latter year he gained his diploma from the College of Art and won the RIBA’s Silver Medal as the best architectural student in the UK. At the College Spence made friends with William Kininmonth, who also went to Lutyens’ office. Kininmonth had previously been employed by Rowand Anderson & Balfour Paul, but when he returned from London Paul was unable to offer further work. Nevertheless, Kininmonth was given the use of a room in the office at 16 Rutland Square, and although it had only a single desk and a telephone this allowed him to take Spence into partnership in 1932. Their practice was immediately successful, thanks in part to the connections of Kininmonth’s radiologist brother, and Kininmonth’s own modernist house at 46A Dick Place (1933) which proved an excellent advertisement. As well as design work the partners also specialised in presentations for other much larger practices. Spence won the RIBA Arthur Cates Prize for town planning in 1932, tying with Robert Matthew, and then the Pugin Studentship in 1933. He was admitted ARIBA that year, his proposers being John Begg, Reginald Fairlie and William James Walker Todd. Both he and Kininmonth secured part-time teaching posts at Edinburgh College of Art. In 1934 Spence married Mary Joan Ferris of Tiverton, Devon. In that year Paul offered Kininmonth a partnership, which he felt he had to decline unless Spence was taken into partnership as well. Paul accepted this proposal and the Kininmonth & Spence practice was merged with Paul’s as Rowand Anderson & Paul & Partners. Although business had significantly recovered, to the extent that the practice secured commissions for three country houses, Spence and Kininmonth continued teaching at Edinburgh College of Art. This arrangement continued until Paul died in June 1938. Independently of the practice, Spence won the competition for the Scottish School of Art & Industry at Kilsyth, and received three separate commissions in respect of the Empire Exhibition held at Bellahouston Park, Glasgow, in 1938. These included the highly acclaimed Scottish Pavilion which he designed in conjunction with the Exhibition’s organiser, Thomas Tait. Spence had joined the Territorial Army in 1934 and was commissioned in the Royal Artillery on the outbreak of the Second World War. He was seconded to the Camouflage Training & Development Unit at Farnham, and later served as an intelligence officer in Normandy. After demobilization and in the absence of substantial practice work he resumed teaching at Edinburgh College of Art, but in 1945 he was appointed chief architect of the 'Britain Can Make It' exhibition at the Victoria & Albert Museum. Spence and Kininmonth having dissolved their partnership, Basil Spence & Partners was established with Bruce Robertson in November 1946. By Year’s End it had moved into the townhouse at 40 Moray Place which was to serve as Edinburgh office throughout Spence’s life and indeed long beyond. Early prosperity depended on commissions for public housing, including the Bannerfield estate in Selkirk and the celebrated fishermen’s cottages at Dunbar, Duncanrig Secondary School in East Kilbride, and exhibition and display work. Spence was Chief Architect for Britain Can Make It and Enterprise Scotland in 1947, the Scottish Industries Exhibition in 1949, and the Exhibition of Industrial Power during the Festival of Britain, 1951. He was also an adviser to the Board of Trade, 1947-49, for the British Industries Fair. Commissions for public housing in England, at Sunbury-on-Thames and Shepperton, together with the Sea & Ships Pavilion at the main Festival venue on London’s South Bank, justified the opening of an office in the Metropolis, at 29 Buckingham Street off the Strand. Andrew Renton was made partner-in-charge of this office in 1949. John Hardie Glover, whom the practice had employed as an assistant, was made an associate in the same year, as was Peter Scott Ferguson in 1951. Both Glover and Ferguson would be taken into partnership five years later, based in the Edinburgh office. Spence had begun to feel type-cast as an exhibition designer when he won the competition to design a new Coventry Cathedral in August 1951. Such were the difficulties of the period, and the controversy which surrounded his design (too modern for most tastes, too traditional for many architects), that there was no guarantee the Cathedral would actually be built. At the encouragement of the Diocesan authorities Spence seized every opportunity to talk about his proposals to the general public. He proved to be an engaging and persuasive speaker, and soon became a household name. He and his family moved to a new London office at 48 Queen Anne Street in 1952, but further commissions proved difficult to come by. Financial crisis struck during Christmas 1953 when Spence returned from a Cathedral fundraising tour of North America to learn that his bank had demanded repayment of a five-figure overdraft within a fortnight. The practice had to part with many valued staff whom it had trained up and employed since the war. However, the drought of the early 1950s turned into a torrential flood of commissions, mostly public works, during the mid-decade. Construction of the Cathedral was authorised to start in May 1954, there was a series of parish churches in Coventry, Leicester, Sheffield, Manchester and Edinburgh (nine completed in total), civic centres at Slough (not executed) and Hampstead (only partially), five schools in London, Sheffield, Shrewsbury and Thurso, Physics Buildings for Liverpool and Durham Universities, and – most importantly of all – appointment as consultant architect for no fewer than three university campuses at Edinburgh, Nottingham and Southampton. Despite the difficulties of the national situation, the Government was investing heavily in education, most particularly higher education in the scientific disciplines. Although Spence was often criticised (e.g. at the Cathedral) of being a picturesque designer who was unconcerned by the dictates of building structure, he was in fact a master of the complex brief, whether the requirements were ritualistic as in a church or technological as in a science building. He had studied the requirements of science buildings very carefully when he was commissioned to design the Natural Philosophy Laboratory at Glasgow, 1947-51, and other Universities had duly taken note. There was no let-up in new commissions throughout the late 1950s, and the practice became severely stretched, but Spence was examiner at many schools of architecture and this provided him with excellent opportunities to hand-pick the very best of each year’s students to assist him with his work. In 1956 he established himself in an additional London office at 1 Canonbury Place where he personally oversaw the development of the drawings for the Cathedral and worked hand-in-glove with an elite group of very young architects who assumed much of the responsibility for English commissions. These were David Rock and John (Jack) Bonnington, Brian and Derek Cobb, and Michael and Anthony Blee, the last of whom married Spence’s daughter Gillian. It was at this point that Spence received many of the commissions for which he would become most famous: Sussex University – the first of the so-called Shakespearean Seven new Universities; the Erasmus Building at Cambridge University, the first modernist building to be erected on ‘the Backs’; Hyde Park Cavalry Barracks in the centre of London; and the Chancery of the British Embassy in Rome, close to Michelangelo’s Porta Pia. Spence was also involved in the development of Vange, one of the constituent villages which formed the new town of Basildon. His Scottish office was enjoying conspicuous success: its Newhaven flats followed the Dunbar cottages in winning a Saltire Award, it had commissions for university buildings in both Scotland and the north of England, and it was about to embark on two major works in the Glasgow area, Abbotsinch Airport and the Hutchesontown C redevelopment in the Gorbals. Both the Scottish and English practices also secured important commercial commissions. Spence was President of the Royal Institute of British Architects between 1958 and 1960, and in that time he not only transformed its public image, but that of modern architecture generally. Although he seems to have drawn a little less during this period, he remained in close contact with his offices and their ongoing work. Major changes were afoot, however. Andrew Renton, who had become increasingly burdened with the practice’s administration, secured in his own right the commission for Thorn House, an office tower for the electrical goods manufacturer, through Jules Thorn who was a neighbour. Ostensibly a disagreement between Spence and Renton over the attribution of this design resulted in a split in the practice in 1961, but in truth the reasons would seem to be more deep-seated and more complex. Andrew Renton & Associates was established at Queen Anne Street, and shortly afterwards became Renton, Howard, Wood, Levine. Spence remained at Canonbury Place and opened a new office at 1 Fitzroy Square under the charge of Jack Bonnington and Gordon Collins. Between 1961 and 1964 Spence restructured his practice into three separate partnerships: in London, Sir Basil Spence, Bonnington & Collins, and Sir Basil Spence OM RA, in which his son-in-law Anthony Blee was a partner and his son John Urwin Spence a consultant; and in Edinburgh, the practice continued as Basil Spence & Partners until 1964 when it was renamed Sir Basil Spence, Glover & Ferguson (see separate entry for subsequent practice history).

Private and Business Addresses

The following private or business addresses are associated with this architectural practice:
	Address	Type	Date from	Date to	Notes
	Edinburgh, Scotland	Business
	40, Moray Place, Edinburgh, Scotland	Business	1946	1992
	20, Buckingham Street, London, England	Business	1948 or 1949	1952
	48, Queen Anne Street, London, England	Business	1952	1961
	1, Canonbury Place, London, England	Business	1956	1976
	1, Fitzroy Square, London, England	Business	1961

Employment and Training

Employees or Pupils

The following individuals were employed or trained by this architectural practice (click on an item to view details):
	Name	Date from	Date to	Position	Notes
	Stuart Lowe Harris	1940s	Before 1950	Assistant	In Edinburgh office.
	(Sir) Basil Urwin Spence	1946	1963	Partner
	William Alexander Bruce Robertson	November 1946	1950	Partner	In Edinburgh office.
	James Beveridge	November 1946	c. 1951	Apprentice
	Alexander ('Sandy') MacCallum (or McCallum) Brown	November 1946	Before 1953	Apprentice
	Peter Burnett Caird	1947		Assistant	Year out from ECA studies
	William Leslie Roworth	c. 1947	After 1953	Chief Draughtsman
	Andrew Renton	1948	1949		In Edinburgh office. Initial role unclear - Associate? Assistant? Architect?
	Peter Scott Ferguson	1948	1951	Assistant	In Edinburgh office.
	Hamish McLachlan	1949	1952	Assistant
	Douglas Philip Jarvie Laird	1949	1954	Apprentice	In Edinburgh office.
	John Hardie Glover	1949	1956	Associate	In Edinburgh office.
	Andrew Renton	1949	1961	Partner	Initially in Edinburgh office, then entirely in London office from early 1950s.
	Brian Henderson	1949 or 1950	1950 or 1951		On year-long work placement
	Charles Adrian Hope	1950s		Assistant
	Peter McKelvie	1950s		Draughtsman
	Michael Blee	1950s		Architect	Based in the London Canonbury office.
	Richard Ross Forbes Cassidy	1950	1962	Assistant
	Michael Brown	Mid 1950	Mid 1950		summer student
	Peter Scott Ferguson	1951	1956	Associate	In Edinburgh office.
	Thomas Henney	1951	1961	Assistant
	James Beveridge	c. 1951(?)	1963	Assistant(?)
	Andrew Merrylees	1952 *		Assistant	Student assistant
	Robert Watt Young Dobie	1952	1956	Apprentice	In Edinburgh office.
	Peter Burnett Caird	1952	1957	Assistant
	Tony Finlay	1954		Apprentice	junior apprentice
	Douglas Philip Jarvie Laird	1954	1955	Assistant(?)
	John 'Archie' Dewar	1955	1964
	Ramsay Manners Dewar	August 1955	July 1956	Assistant	In Edinburgh office, during year out from studies at Aberdeen
	Donald Norman Mill	Before 1955	After 1957		Role uncertain - probably as assistant?
	Patrick ('Paddy') Rooney	c. 1955	c. 1957	Assistant
	(Professor) Charles Robertson	1956	1962	Senior Architect
	John Hardie Glover	1956	1963	Partner	In Edinburgh office.
	Peter Scott Ferguson	1956	1963	Partner	In Edinburgh office.
	Andrew Merrylees	1957	Before 1960	Architect
	Charles Robertson	1957	1962	Architect	In Edinburgh office.
	Eric Smith	Before 1957	1957		Role and start date unknown
	Peter Williams	Before 1957	Before 1957		Role and precise dates unknown
	David Bain	Before 1957	Before 1965	Assistant	In Edinburgh office.
	James Ian Haig Marshall	1957 or 1958	1964	Associate
	Alan Ward	1958 *			Role and dates uncertain
	Humphrey 'Humph' Sharpe	1959	1964	Senior Assistant
	Alexander John Dawson	1960s *			Role and precise dates unclear
	Colin Herbert Ritchie McCrae	1960	1961	Senior Assistant
	Ian Gordon Cook	May 1960	1963	Architect(?)
	Robert Reid Black	Before 1960	1960		In Edinburgh office; role unclear.
	William Norman Hunter	1961	1964	Architect
	Anne Parker (Mrs Finlay)	c. 1961	1963	Assistant(?)
	Richard Ross Forbes Cassidy	1962	1964	Associate
	James Beveridge	1963	Late 1963	Associate
	(Miss) Coila Clyne	Early 1963	1964	Architect(?)
	Peter Smith	1964 *		Apprentice

* earliest date known from documented sources.

Buildings and Designs

This architectural practice was involved with the following buildings or structures from the date specified (click on an item to view details):
	Date started	Building name	Town, district or village	Island	City or county	Country	Notes
		The Albyn			Edinburgh
		Thorn House			London	England
	1946	Bannerfield Estate	Selkirk		Selkirkshire	Scotland
	1946	Bell's Brae House	Dean Village		Edinburgh	Scotland	Restoration and alterations
	1947	Enterprise Scotland 1947 Exhibition			Edinburgh	Scotland	Layout - Spence responsible
	1947	Glasgow University, Natural Philosophy Buildings			Glasgow	Scotland
	1948	Housing estate, 14-20 Lower Burnmouth	Burnmouth		Berwickshire	Scotland
	1948	Housing, 15A-15D Victoria Street and 8 Writer's Court	Dunbar		East Lothian	Scotland
	1948	Housing, 19A, 19B, 19C Victoria Street and 10, 12 Writer's Court	Dunbar		East Lothian	Scotland
	1948	Housing, Victoria Place	Dunbar		East Lothian	Scotland
	1949	Housing Scheme, Shepperton	Sunbury-on-Thames		Middlesex	England
	c. 1949	Rossie Priory	Inchture		Perthshire	Scotland	Main part of house demolished and plinth courses converted to terrace
	1950s	Daniel Stewart's Hospital			Edinburgh	Scotland	Ceiling decoration in library
	1950	Alvie Parish Church	Alvie		Inverness-shire	Scotland	Internal alterations and refurbishment (Charles Hope responsible).
	1950	Crawford's Snack Bar interior, Queensferry Street			Edinburgh	Scotland
	1950	John Smith (Wools)			Edinburgh	Scotland
	1950	Premises for R S Robertson & Scott				Scotland
	1950	SAI (Scottish Agricultural Industries) offices			Edinburgh	Scotland	Reconstruction?
	1950	Scottish Agricultural Industries	Ayr		Ayrshire	Scotland	Amenities block and other work
	1950	Secondary School, Duncanrig	Westwood, East Kilbride		Lanarkshire	Scotland
	1951	Festival of Britain Scotland, Exhibition of Industrial Power, Kelvin Hall			Glasgow	Scotland
	1951	Festival of Britain, Sea and Ships Section	South Bank		London	England
	1951	The Cottage	Longniddry		East Lothian	Scotland
	1951	The Hermitage	Perth		Perthshire	Scotland	Alterations - Spence responsible
	After 1951	Private house(s)	Bedale		Yorkshire	Scotland
	After 1951	Private house(s)	Ormiston		East Lothian	Scotland
	Before 1951	Fishermen's Cottages, Dunbar	Dunbar		East Lothian	Scotland
	1952	Scottish School of Art & Industry	Kilsyth		Stirlingshire	Scotland	Completion of project
	1952	Street lighting and street furniture			Edinburgh	Scotland
	1952	Two exhibition stands for ICI, Earl's Court	Earl's Court		London	England
	1952	Two private houses			Edinburgh	Scotland
	1953	Council houses	Dunbar		East Lothian	Scotland	Implemented reduced scheme
	1953	Housing, Buncles Court and Lamer Street	Dunbar		East Lothian	Scotland
	1953(?)	Plewlands House	South Queensferry		West Lothian	Scotland	Restored and converted to houses
	1954	Inch Hall Church	Inch		Edinburgh	Scotland
	1954	Sighthill Church	Sighthill		Edinburgh	Scotland	Competition entry rejected on cost grounds
	1954	St Andrew's Church	Clermiston		Edinburgh	Scotland
	1955	Community Hall	Broughton		Peeblesshire	Scotland	John Hardie Glover responsible as partner in charge
	1955	Scottish Agricultural Industries Fertilizer Works	Leith		Edinburgh, Midlothian	Scotland	In consultation with Kinnear & Gordon
	1956	Flats, Great Michael Rise and Annfield	Newhaven		Edinburgh	Scotland
	1956	Housing, Laverockbank Avenue and Laverockbank Crescent	Newhaven		Edinburgh	Scotland
	1956	Tenement blocks, New Lane	Newhaven		Edinburgh	Scotland
	1956	Tenements, 14-20 Great Michael Rise	Newhaven		Edinburgh	Scotland
	1956	Tenements, 4-12 Great Michael Rise	Newhaven		Edinburgh	Scotland
	1956	Tenements, New Lane	Newhaven		Edinburgh	Scotland
	1956	Western General Hospital, Old Boiler House			Edinburgh	Scotland
	1957	George Watson's School, head masters house			Edinburgh	Scotland
	1957	Trinity College Glenalmond	Glenalmond		Perthshire	Scotland	Extension at E end of N range
	1958	Glasgow University, Institute of Virology Department building			Glasgow	Scotland
	1958	Housing, Gorbals Redevelopment Scheme, Commercial Road Area	Gorbals		Glasgow	Scotland
	1958	Hutchesontown / Gorbals Area C Housing Redevelopment	Hutchesontown/Gorbals		Glasgow	Scotland
	1958	Queens' College on the Backs			Cambridge, Cambridgeshire	England	Spence responsible
	1958	Scottish Widows Head Office			Edinburgh	Scotland
	1958	Thurso High School	Thurso		Caithness	Scotland
	1958	Western General Hospital, Operating Theatre Block			Edinburgh, Midlothian	Scotland
	5 September 1958	Nottingham University, Department of Chemistry			Nottingham	England	structural consultants: Ove Arup and Partners services consultants: A.F. Meyers and Partners QS: Gleeds per Builder p395
	28 November 1958	Housing, Gorbals Redevelopment Scheme, Commercial Road Area	Gorbals		Glasgow	Scotland	per Builder p935
	1959	Claremont Court housing			Edinburgh	Scotland	Basil Spence and Partners (Peter Ferguson, partner in charge; Richard Cassidy, job architect; T Harley Haddow, engineers),
	1959	Glasgow University, Natural Philosophy Buildings			Glasgow	Scotland	W, for teaching and lecture theatre.
	1959	Hampstead Civic Centre	Hampstead		London	England	Spence responsible
	1959	House at Oxlease Estate	Hatfield		Hertfordshire	England
	1959	Trawsfynydd Nuclear Power Station			Snowdonia	Wales	Spence as consultant architect
	1959	University of Edinburgh, George Square Redevelopment			Edinburgh, Midlothian	Scotland	Spence as consultant architect to University
	Early 1950s	SS Ninian, Martin and John RC Church	Whithorn		Wigtownshire	Scotland	Prepared design - not executed. Commission went to Goodhart-Rendel
	Late 1950s(?)	Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, blood transfusion extension			Edinburgh	Scotland
	Mid 1950s	Normal College (later University Staff Club)			Edinburgh	Scotland	Major alterations
	1960	RHS Ingliston showground, Yorkshire Insurance Stand	Ingliston		Edinburgh	Scotland
	1960	Royal Showground Stoneleigh, Yorkshire Insurance Stand	Stoneleigh		Warwickshire	England
	1960	Trinity College Glenalmond, Reid's House	Glenalmond		Perthshire	Scotland
	Before 1960	Associated Electrical Industries showroom			Glasgow	Scotland
	Before 1960	House for A H Alexander			Edinburgh	Scotland
	Before 1960	Recreation centre for Scottish Oils	Grangemouth		Stirlingshire	Scotland
	Before 1960	Scottish Amicable Life Assurance Society branch			Edinburgh	Scotland
	Before 1960	University of Edinburgh, Department of Natural Philosophy			Edinburgh	Scotland	Extension
	Before 1960	University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Animal Breeding Research Organisation Headquarters			Edinburgh	Scotland	William Norman Hunter as job architect
	1961	65-71 and 97-103 Canongate and 1-3 Brown's Close			Edinburgh	Scotland	Begun under this practice title; continued as Sir Basil Spence, Glover & Ferguson.
	1961	Glasgow (Abbotsinch) Airport	nr Paisley		Renfrewshire	Scotland	£2m terminal building (completed in 1967 under practice title of Sir Basil Spence, Glover & Ferguson)
	1961	Sussex University Halls of Residence			Sussex	England	Spence responsible
	1961	Ten (10) 19-storey tower blocks, New Gorbals	New Gorbals		Glasgow	Scotland
	1961	Trinity College Glenalmond, Sanatorium	Glenalmond		Perthshire	Scotland	Altered and extended
	1961	University of Glasgow, Department of Genetics			Glasgow	Scotland	Begun under this practice title; completed as Sir Basil Spence, Glover & Ferguson.
	1962	Trinity College Glenalmond, Chapel	Glenalmond		Perthshire	Scotland	New gallery and screen
	1963	Trinity College, Glenalmond, Music School	Glenalmond		Perthshire	Scotland	With Peter Ferguson as partner in charge and principal architect
	1964	King's College, University of Durham, Research Block			Newcastle-upon-Tyne	England

References

Bibliographic References

The following books contain references to this architectural practice:
	Author(s)	Date	Title	Part	Publisher	Notes
	Campbell, Louise	1996	Coventry Cathedral: Art and Architecture in Post-War Britain		Clarendon Studies in the History of Art
	Edwards, Brian		Basil Spence entry in DNB
	Edwards, Brian	1995	Basil Spence 1907-1976
	Gibberd, Frank	1977	Obituary: Sir Basil Spence: 1907-1976	April 1977	Architectural Review
	Glendinning, Miles	1997	Rebuilding Scotland: The Postwar Vision, 1945-75		Tuckwell Press Ltd	pXI A 1958 sketch perspective of Hutchesontown / Gorbals Area 'C' proposed blocks pXII Demolition of Hutchesontown 'C' September 1993 p10 Image of Thomas Whalen's 'Coal Cliff' relief for the 1951 Exhibition of Industrial Power p20, p39, p92-4, p98-102, p144-7, p175 Hutchesontown C p159-60 Fishermen's Houses, Dunbar
	Glendinning, Miles and Muthesius, Stefan	1994	Tower Block: Modern Public Housing in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland		Yale University Press: New Haven and London	p224 Mention of Hutchesontown slab blocks Hutchesontown Area C: p170, p327, p368 p381, Gazetteer 2
	Grove Dictionary of Art		Grove Dictionary of Art			Entry on Spence by Louise Campbell
	http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/arthistory/research/basil_spence/		http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/arthistory/research/basil_spence/
	Placzek, Adolf K (ed)	1982	Macmillan Encyclopedia of Architects		New York: The Free Press/Macmillan Publishing Company	Entry on Spence by Louise Campbell
	Sheppard, Richard	1977	Obituary: Sir Basil Spence	January	RIBA Journal
	Spence, Basil	1962	Phoenix at Coventry		Geoffrey Bles
	Willis, Peter	1977	New architecture in Scotland			p8, p10 Fishermen's Houses

Periodical References

The following periodicals contain references to this architectural practice:
	Periodical Name	Date	Edition	Publisher	Notes
	Architect and Building News	10 September 1958			p350 - 'Gorbals scheme for Glasgow'
	Architectural Review	November 1967			Nicholas Taylor's largely negative piece on Hutchesontown C scheme
	Builder	21 October 1949			p515-?
	Builder	2 November 1951			p581-5
	Builder	20 April 1951			p569
	Builder	18 February 1955			p316
	Builder	7 July 1961			p32
	Housing Review	November 1958	7:6		Illustrated feature
	The Times	20 November 1976			Obituary

Archive References

The following archives hold material relating to this architectural practice:
	Source	Archive Name	Source Catalogue No.	Notes
	Sent to DSA by email	Information from AHRC/RCAHMS Spence project per David W Walker and Clive Fenton		Biographical note by David W Walker. Additional information from David W Walker and Clive Fenton, sent September 2007 and July 2010.