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Basic Biographic Details

John Lessels
Architect
Exact Date
Exact Date
11/12/1883
John Lessels was born in Kirkcaldy on 9 January 1809 (his gravestone wrongly gives his date of birth as 1808) and was the son of John Lessels (1784-1865) clerk of works on the Raith Estate, and his wife Elizabeth Hamilton Murray. His grandfather, also John Lessels, had been not only an architect-builder but a mill-wright and these practical skills were passed down the family. He was educated in Kirkcaldy, being taught by the Reverend Edward Irving and Thomas Carlyle. After leaving school he first worked as a carpenter for his father, but sought leave to become an architect. This proposal was discouraged but at the suggestion of his father and Robert Fergusson of Raith he entered the office of William Burn, achieving the position of inspector of works. He was in charge of Burn's work at Charleton, Fife in 1832. This enabled him to marry Mary, daughter of Robert Henderson, a Kirkcaldy bleacher, and from 1833 the Lessels family was in the Borders, first at Dawyck Peeblesshire where their eldest son John was born, and then at Allanton Berwickshire from which Lessels supervised the building of other Burn houses.

By 1843 Lessels had settled in Edinburgh with a house at 3 St Bernard Row and began exhibiting at the Royal Scottish Academy, initially purely as a watercolourist. In 1846 he set up practice on his own account in a flat at 7 St Vincent Street. His past experience with Burn in the Borders had made useful connections, and with Burn's departure for London in 1844 it became possible to seek clients there, the earliest being the Montgomerys of Stobo and Kinross. By the mid-1850s he had also secured the business of the Walker Estate which gave him architectural control over a large part of the Western New Town, and in 1856 or 1857 he formed a partnership with his son John who was in charge of a branch office at 19 Princes Street in Perth, but this closed c.1859 as a result of a local fee-cutting war. By the early 1860s, Lessels had gained the patronage of Nelsons the publishers, and his friendship with the city architect David Cousin, then in failing health, resulted in his appointment as joint architect to the City Improvement Trust on 23 May 1866, their first proposals for St Mary Street being presented in June.

Lessels's improved circumstances were reflected in his move from St Vincent Street to 21 Heriot Row which was both house and office, but in that year his first wife died, having raised four sons and four daughters. He would appear to have gone into semi-retirement at the age of seventy in 1879 when the office was moved to 50 George Street. His eldest son John having entered the service of the Crown as Surveyor of Windsor in 1860, the practice was now carried on by his second son James.

Lessels's first pupil was David MacGibbon who wrote of him that 'his ability, together with his perfect honesty and fearless impartiality, had gradually raised him, in spite of many adverse circumstances, to a high position among his fellow citizens… his modesty prevented his full merits as an architect from being recognised and appreciated'. Of Lessels's other pupils the most important were Robert Rowand Anderson and Robert Lawson who emigrated to Australia, then moved to New Zealand.

By the time of Lessels's retirement he had married a second time to Gertrude Anna Huberdina Nofken (anglicised Naufkins) of Baardwyk, North Brabant, and was spending much of his time on the continent, particularly in Belgium, Salzburg and Venice. These continental connections seem to have commenced earlier and strongly influenced his competition designs. His German Gothic design submitted in the limited competition for St Mary's Cathedral in 1873 was placed last by the assessor Ewan Christian whose report was published. This may have discredited him with the Walker Trustees, but the loss of the Walker Estate connection had begun slightly earlier in 1872 because Peddie and Kinnear and companies controlled by them were the largest feuars.

Lessels's acquaintance with Venice similarly influenced the Venetian Gothic design he and David Cousin submitted in the Edinburgh New Buildings competition of 1874 but this was no more successful, Rowand Anderson's North Italian Renaissance design being selected. John Lessels died of cancer of the liver on 12 November 1883 and was buried in Dean Cemetery, commemorated by a very curious sundial monument which formerly bore a photographic glazed tile portrait. It also bears the tools of the mason trade, probably a reference to his Masonic interests: he was a member of the Old Kilwinning Lodge. His second wife survived him by only a few months, dying at Duffel, Belgium on 12 May 1884. There were no children of the second marriage.

Of Lessels's personal life we know a little from his son John's memoir: 'In his youth he was a good athlete, and like his father a good marksman with guns made by himself, he was also fond of both sea-fishing and fishing for trout and salmon, all his rods and tackle including flies being of his own make. He made telescopes, bound his own books and was a turner in both wood and metal, the lathe being made by himself.'

The sale catalogue of his effects (Dowell, 16 February 1884) shows that he owned two Kinnear cameras, a Meagher folding camera, a pantascopic and several other specialised cameras and numerous Dallmeyer, Steinheil and Voigtlander lenses, together with much other photographic equiptment. He was for several years President of the Edinburgh Photographic Society. He also had a significant picture collection, and frequently exhibited oil paintings of topographical and architectural subjects at the Royal Scottish Academy.

Addresses

The following private or business addresses are associated with this person:

Private Addresses

Private Addresses2 classic

AddressClassDate From CharDate From TypeDate To CharDate To TypeNotes
3 St Bernard Row Edinburgh ScotlandPrivate
21 Heriot Row Edinburgh ScotlandPrivate/business

Business Addresses

Business Addresses2 classic

AddressClassDate From Date From TypeDate ToDate To TypeNotes
7 St Vincent Street Edinburgh ScotlandBusiness
21 Heriot Row Edinburgh ScotlandPrivate/business
Creal Ha' Roslin Midlothian ScotlandBusiness
50 George Street Edinburgh ScotlandBusiness

Employment and Training

The following individuals or organisations employed or trained this person (click on an item to view details):

Employers2 classic

NameName LinkDate FromDate ToPositionNotes
William Burn200136Before 1832c. 1846Inspector of Works
John Lessels & Son200584c. 1857In year 1883Senior Partner

Employees or Pupils

The following individuals were employed or trained by this person (click on an item to view details):

Employees or Pupils2 classic

NameName LinkDate FromDate ToPositionNotes
David Robertson100328After 1855In year 1865Chief Assistant
George Craig200278After 1871Before 1880Assistant
Robert Arthur Lawson200587Before 18541854/07Assistant
David MacGibbon201785In year 1849In year 1851Apprentice
(Sir) Robert Rowand Anderson200041In year 1852In year 1857ApprenticeFrom 1852
Thomas McMahon205902In year 1863Apprentice
Alexander Cunningham Forrester201079In year 1872In year 1877Apprentice
John Lessels (junior)200583c. 1848In year 1851

Buildings and Designs

This person was involved with the following buildings or structures from the date specified (click on an item to view details):

Buildings and Designs2 classic

Building NameDate StartedTown, District or VillageIslandCity or CountyCountryNotes
Charleton HouseIn year 1832ColinsburghFifeScotlandExtensions - Lessels acting as clerk of works for Burn and prepared the sketches
Stobo CastleIn year 1845PeeblesshireScotland
Cleish CastleIn year 1846Kinross-shireScotlandReconstruction
Roslin ChapelIn year 1847Roslin/RosslynMidlothianScotlandInterior views (also exhibited views 1861, 1863, 1865 and 1866). Took over repair work from Burn and Bryce
ManseIn year 1849ColdinghamBerwickshireScotlandRemodelling and additions
Stobo CastleIn year 1849PeeblesshireScotlandAlterations and porte-cochere
Foulden VillageIn year 1850FouldenBerwickshireScotlandImprovements to houses in village - probably responsible ('Buildings of Scotland')
The Wollc. 1850AshkirkSelkirkshireScotland
Canongate Free ChurchIn year 1851EdinburghScotland
Milne Graden HouseIn year 1852LadykirkBerwickshireScotland
KersfieldIn year 1852BerwickshireScotlandAlterations
Ninewells House, North LodgeIn year 1852ChirnsideBerwickshireScotland
CharterhallIn year 1852Fogo/DunsBerwickshireScotland
Blackadder Housec. 1852AllantonBerwickshireScotlandRemodelling and extension
Turtleton HouseIn year 1853DunsBerwickshireScotlandAdditions

References

Bibliographic References

The following books contain references to this person:

Bib ref classic

AuthorTitleDatePublisherPartNotes
RSA1844502 - 'View of Dunkeld'
Fraser, VeronicaRecords of Vernacular Buildings made by John Lessels Architect (1809-83)2004Scottish Vernacular Buildings Working Group Vernacular Building 28, pp42-8
Post Office Directories
Johnston, W TArtists of Scotland2003Officina Publications CDROM
Lessels, John IIA Brief Account of the Ancient Family of Lessels in FifeshireCarbon copy of original typescript in possession of Jane Lessels. Copy in NMRS.
RSA1843517 - 'Interior view of Melrose Abbey'

Periodical References

The following periodicals contain references to this person:

Period ref classic

Periodical NamePublisherDate CircEditionNotes
Builder1883v45p648
Scotsman1883/11/16*Obituary by David MacGibbon
Scotsman1883/11/13*p5 - obituary